Carolinas News

The Chestnut Tree Orchard in The Park at Glassy

The Park at Glassy is a beautiful, expansive, woodland sanctuary below the upper post office and the Children’s Village near the top of Glassy Mountain. It comprises 17 acres of sunny open areas, walking paths, shaded woodland trails, a waterfall, and several 100-yr old trees. Well-behaved dogs can roam off-leash, and attractive native plants, such as trillium, bloodroot, and devil’s walking stick bloom at various times. The upper level of the park is home to the Larry Recknagel Chestnut Tree Orchard.

In 2003, Larry Recknagel was a new Glassy resident concerned about the near-extinction of the American chestnut tree (Castanea dentata) due to blight. Working with Dr. Paul Sisco from The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF), he realized that the Park area would be appropriate for a selective breeding test orchard to renew the American chestnut tree. In 2008, after conquering multiple levels of bureaucracy, they got permission to move forward. A community of Glassy volunteers helped to prepare the land and plant 100 trees. Since the Chinese chestnut tree was resistant to the fungus, the experimental trees were pure Chinese, Chinese-American crosses and pure American chestnuts.

After several years, they inoculated the experimental trees with chestnut blight to evaluate their resistance. Those with little or no resistance were removed. Today, 7 trees of various sizes remain, and selective breeding studies continue with TACF and Clemson University. Unfortunately, Larry Recknagel passed away in 2010 and didn’t get to see the large, resistant, surviving chestnut trees spreading thousands of chestnuts over the orchard area.

The loss of the American chestnut tree earned recognition as one of the worst ecological disasters of the 20th century. The Asian fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) that causes chestnut blight was first identified in 1904 on trees in the Bronx zoo. By the 1950s, about four to five billion chestnut trees (90-99% of the population) had died. The demise of the trees also led to decreased numbers of birds, mammals, and insects that depended on them for food and shelter.

Losing the trees was also a social disaster that changed the lives of many people. The lumber had been an excellent source of income. The tree became known as the “cradle to grave” tree because the wood could be used for cradles and caskets, other furniture, railroad ties, fences, shingles, and telephone poles. “Chestnutting”, or gathering the nuts, was a popular social activity and a source of food and income; railroad cars loaded with nuts would cross the country from rural areas to big cities.

Today, TACF and other groups still focus on restoring native chestnut trees in their original range from Maine to Mississippi. These efforts use a three-pronged approach known as 3BUR—Breeding, Biocontrol, and Biotechnology United for Restoration. The hybrid trees in the Park at Glassy are part of the breeding program. Newer research on genetically engineered resistance awaits government approval to introduce engineered trees into the wild.

When you visit the Park at Glassy, take some time to learn more from the TACF sign about the chestnut orchard and note the various chestnut trees.

The TACF sign explaining the Larry Recknagel Chestnut Tree orchard. SC

The TACF sign explaining the Larry Recknagel Chestnut Tree orchard.

In the fall, spiny chestnut burrs and nuts cover the ground; they are a favorite of the local squirrels, birds, deer, and bear. The effect of the blight is most obvious in winter; the stunted main trunks and multiple large side sprouts are typical on the larger trees.

The chestnut tree showing the effect of the blight on its growth. SC

The chestnut tree showing the effect of the blight on its growth.

Not knowing about the research effort, some people suggested cutting them down because of their appearance. In the spring, the white male and female flowers stand out.

Female flowers on American Chestnut Tree. SC.

Female flowers on American Chestnut Tree.

Paper bags over the reproductive organs control pollination as part of the selective breeding program. The seeds that were generated last year are being planted in the greenhouse of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, and the US forest Services’ Resistance Screening Center in Asheville.

Bags covering reproductive organs to control pollination.

Bags covering reproductive organs to control pollination.

Thanks to the foresight of Larry Recknagel 20 years ago and a community of volunteers, the Park at Glassy has been part of an ongoing research effort to reestablish the American chestnut tree in its native range. We hope that the research contributes to the successful reintroduction of this beautiful tree.

Editor’s Note: The Cliffs at Glassy is a community west of Landrum, SC. This article, by Betty Kuhnert, was originally published in Stroll (The Cliffs Communities) Magazine, May 2023, page 58-59.   Dr. Paul Kuhnert, Dr. Paul Sisco, Dr. David Vaughn, and Mrs. Susan Recknagel contributed to the article. Dr. Paul Sisco started working with Larry Recknagel in 2003.  Larry and a group of Glassy volunteers prepared the ground and installed the orchard in 2008. The Stroll Magazine is a product of The N2 Company, 5051 New Center Drive, Wilmington, NC, 28403

 

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A good day at Kentucky Division of Forestry Morgan County Tree Nursery. Collected 60 or so fertile burs (and left many small, infertile burs on the tree … there just were not enough catkins on the other trees to get a “full dose” of pollen to the available female flowers). Next is sorting down the best 50 to ship to Virginia Tech for a research project.

From The American Chestnut Foundation - Kentucky Chapter President Ken Darnell:

“I collected ‘open pollinated’ burs today. Left the bagged (Control Pollinated) burs to further ripen. Will come back in a couple of weeks to check them again. The Americans in Morgan County Nursery definitely mature later than all other flowers and burrs that I have seen around the state…..

Used my folding ladder to get up to the burs to “close clip” off their base stems … rather than using an extension pole to clip off several inches of twigs. That should help next season with more bur production.”
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A good day at Kentucky Division of Forestry Morgan County Tree Nursery. Collected 60 or so fertile burs (and left many small, infertile burs on the tree … there just were not enough catkins on the other trees to get a “full dose” of pollen to the available female flowers). Next is sorting down the best 50 to ship to Virginia Tech for a research project.

From The American Chestnut Foundation - Kentucky Chapter President Ken Darnell:

“I collected ‘open pollinated’ burs today. Left the bagged (Control Pollinated) burs to further ripen. Will come back in a couple of weeks to check them again. The Americans in Morgan County Nursery definitely mature later than all other flowers and burrs that I have seen around the state…..

Used my folding ladder to get up to the burs to “close clip” off their base stems … rather than using an extension pole to clip off several inches of twigs. That should help next season with more bur production.”Image attachmentImage attachment+2Image attachment

11 CommentsComment on Facebook

I would like to acquire a few to see if they will grow in zone 6

How do I grow chestnut trees from my existing tree

Are these “open pollinated” plants with hybrids or are they pollinating pure C. dentata? What are the controlled populations being bagged for specifically?

Nice job! The only thing I see in New York are Chinese  chestnut trees. 

Does Missouri have a chestnut association

I see these on the ground around my property in Fairview North Carolina, 2300 feet elevation blue ridge mountains. They are chestnuts? Chinese or American?

I thought you needed to wait for the burr to fall. Can you harvest right off the tree - how do you know when to do that?

Have a good crop of chestnut still on the trees. What do I do to plantings to get more trees?

How I can harvest my chesnuts? This year I lost 99% of my chesnut production to squirrels depredation.

Karen Cox Gullett, Sue Rupard, EddyPatsy Roberts

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And harvesting continues! This report from the TACF The Georgia Chapter of the American Chestnut Foundation has a great description of the process, what happens after the nuts are picked and processed and also how we work with so many partners like Berry College who helps process the harvested nuts. Also pictured is Kathy Patrick, the volunteer of the year for the entire southern region of TACF. Thank you, Kathy, for your dedication and hard work. We will see you at the Fall Meeting! Note: some of these nuts were harvested at Anna Ruby Falls by staff Member Matt Summers! ... See MoreSee Less

And harvesting continues! This report from the TACF The Georgia Chapter of the American Chestnut Foundation has a great description of the process, what happens after the nuts are picked and processed and also how we work with so many partners like Berry College who helps process the harvested nuts.  Also pictured is Kathy Patrick, the volunteer of the year for the entire southern region of TACF. Thank you, Kathy, for your dedication and hard work. We will see you at the Fall Meeting! Note: some of these nuts were harvested at Anna Ruby Falls by staff Member Matt Summers!Image attachmentImage attachment+3Image attachment

14 CommentsComment on Facebook

Do you ship seeds

This is amazing!

Hope to see more saplings at Shieling State Forest soon. I walk thru every weekend.

Is there any way to get some seedlings

Let us hope this is exceptional news, I wish we could grow chestnuts here in Kansas zone 6.

I'd love to have an American Chestnut tree in my field.

Where will they be planted?

Newbee here, why does the tree bark look so narly?

How can someone purchase seedlings

They’re fallin in Southern Ohio!

Do you ship seeds or saplings? If so will they grow in northern Michigan

Chinese chestnut trees are for sale at Walmart .. I prefer American. Where can I find them… Ohio

I remember my college days at SFA in Nacogdoches Texas 1st year dendrology . On our lab one week we were sampling trees in a neighborhood close to campus instead out in the woods. We came up on a so called (ringer) or a tree not included in our textbook. Because I had spent a lot of time in North Carolina I recognized right off as an American chestnut and got to go home early. Now how it got there nobody knows but it’s still there torturing new dendrology students today under the watchful eye of the forestry department at SFA,

They are selling saplings at fryberg fair for $20 each.

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Carolinas Chapter member Jon Taylor recently spent 10 days collecting chestnut burs from 18 wild trees spanning Alabama to Connecticut. This was his third annual chestnut harvest, and the nuts he collected will get planted in several different germplasm conservation orchards. The goal is that some of these will eventually become mother trees and receive transgenic pollen.

1st photo: An American chestnut tree on the Appalachian Trail in central Pennsylvania

2nd photo: Jon Taylor with newly discovered American chestnut tree in Connecticut
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Carolinas Chapter member Jon Taylor recently spent 10 days collecting chestnut burs from 18 wild trees spanning Alabama to Connecticut. This was his third annual chestnut harvest, and the nuts he collected will get planted in several different germplasm conservation orchards. The goal is that some of these will eventually become mother trees and receive transgenic pollen.

1st photo: An American chestnut tree on the Appalachian Trail in central Pennsylvania

2nd photo: Jon Taylor with newly discovered American chestnut tree in ConnecticutImage attachmentImage attachment

31 CommentsComment on Facebook

I am curious how to order seedlings? We've got acreage in Western NC mountains and we'd love to plant lots of these.

Such important work. ❤️❤️❤️

Thank for your efforts Jon!

Way cool!

I would love to get some blight resistant trees so I could spread the chestnut 🌰 tree love 🌳

Found some chestnuts while hiking in the Smokies this week.

My mom has a sizable one in her yard in Brevard, NC with no signs of blight. It has seeds every year.

I have lots of chestnut trees on my farm in WV. How do I know if they are American chestnuts or not?

Wonderful!

I truly hope that this effort is successful. It would be a great thing to see the chestnut become a major tree once again across the Eastern to Central US.

Good !

Nice finds! Here is the one I found on my farm. Western PA It's around 50 feet tall.

Awesome!

I had a chestnut 🌰 tree that got to be 40 inches round and plenty of chestnuts but one year it got dark and looked like it caught the blight. It was a shock to me because my papa had planted it from a seed. I have 2 more That look like bushes. But I’m afraid they also are prone to catching the blight.

A question for the experts…would it be possible to grow a tree in zone 5b Chicago? Congratulations on this wonderful mission.

The tree on #1 looks more like a shagbark hickory than a chestnut. I have both growing on my property.

I really need some seedlings!!!

Looks like my chestnut tree

These are blight resistant?

I love you’re using biotechnology to solve this problem. I wonder if you partner with the biotech industry you could move quicker and more efficient.

I love anyone on a mission, but I especially love THIS mission. Thank you.

Is there a report of any in Red Creek, NY?

They must have been something to behold.in Pre Columbus . America

There is a grove in Orleans, MA.

I know where some of these are in Middelsboro Kentucky where I grew up

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