Host An Orchard
If you want to play a role in the restoration of the American Chestnut, you can become a partner of TACF and offer a new location for a Germplasm Conservation Orchard (GCO)!
A germplasm conservation orchard (GCO) is an orchard collection of diverse wild American chestnut sources. In partnership with the CT Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation (CT-TACF), this orchard would include sources primarily native to CT, though other sources could be planted as well. A GCO generally contains 10 seedlings from 10 different mother trees (100 trees) per acre and is often planted over a period of one to several years, but can be scaled up or down as space and resources allow. Site location is best for a sunny area with well-draining soil and preferably, southern exposure. Old agricultural fields or recently clear-cut patches are suitable and a soil test is performed to determine the nutrient content and see how much replenishment with fertilizer is needed. Most of these trees are started from seed, though grafted or transplanted sources may be used as well. Finding new sources to plant can take some time, and therefore somewhat difficult to predict exactly how many seed will be planted each year. As such, this type of orchard may take several years before fully planted. Annual meetings between CT-TACF and the orchard host will be held at least annually and will help to review the status of the project and also provide a mechanism for planning the upcoming year’s activities.
Successful orchard management tries to mitigate the major sources of mortality for the nuts and trees planted. These include but are not limited to: rodents, raccoons, turkeys, and bears eating the nuts; voles, mice, and deer eating bark or twigs; drought stress; competition from weeds; standing water; insect infestations; and mowing over trees. Trees that are well nourished and watered respond better to most threats than trees that are stressed. Successful orchards respond well to simple management practices, such as maintenance of fencing, periodic weeding, watering and fertilizing. In addition, accurate labelling, record keeping, and data collection are of great importance for tracking and future use of the trees for scientific purposes.
Land Trusts would be the ideal arrangement since the land, access, and purpose is traditionally already established. Two new GCOs planted in April 2021 have Land Trust ties.
Suggested Layout
A blocked layout that keeps genotypes together is recommended. This is the simplest way to keep sources clear. A wide buffer between blocks allows for good pollination access. With this design, orchard managers will need to resist the urge to plant within the buffer rows, especially while trees are small. It is also important that any replacements are only made with the same genotype.
Pollination and Harvest
As trees grow old enough to begin flowering, they may be used for transgenic diversification or other crosses of interest. Chestnuts start flowering in June, with full bloom coming in early-mid July. For controlled pollinations, flowers are typically bagged in late June or early July, pollinated 10-14 days later, and harvested in late September or early October. Pollination requires working directly with the flowers and is typically done from a ladder or bucket truck, though small trees may be pollinated from the ground. As more trees begin flower the potential also exists for harvesting open-pollinated nuts. These may be used for TACF science programs, eating, or both.
Blight Control Measures
As wild-type American sources, the trees in a GCO are not expected to have any blight resistance and blight will eventually move through the orchard. Main stems will be killed over time and should be allowed to re-sprout. There are some methods that could be used to try to keep them alive longer. Mudpacking can be used and is most effective if cankers are caught early. Assessing the trees for blight annually (or more frequently), so mudpacking can be planned for, is helpful. Hypovirulence treatment is also a possibility, though not currently widely available.
Further Reading to Assess Expectations
A sample Orchard Management Plan
A sample CT GCO agreement
An article (page 15) from the Journal of the American Chestnut Foundation.
Interested parties should contact the Connecticut chapter for more details.
Connecticut Chapter Menu
National Facebook
Bill Deeter, President of The Indiana Chapter of the American Chestnut Foundation explains using “catch nets” to harvest chestnuts from tall American chestnuts. READ his full description. Thank you Bill for trying to beat anything with “fur, feathers or hair” to the chestnuts. We love the improvisation!
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Thank you!!
can you show what the blyth looks like?
A good day at Kentucky Division of Forestry Morgan County Tree Nursery. Collected 60 or so fertile burs (and left many small, infertile burs on the tree … there just were not enough catkins on the other trees to get a “full dose” of pollen to the available female flowers). Next is sorting down the best 50 to ship to Virginia Tech for a research project.
From The American Chestnut Foundation - Kentucky Chapter President Ken Darnell:
“I collected ‘open pollinated’ burs today. Left the bagged (Control Pollinated) burs to further ripen. Will come back in a couple of weeks to check them again. The Americans in Morgan County Nursery definitely mature later than all other flowers and burrs that I have seen around the state…..
Used my folding ladder to get up to the burs to “close clip” off their base stems … rather than using an extension pole to clip off several inches of twigs. That should help next season with more bur production.”
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I would like to acquire a few to see if they will grow in zone 6
How do I grow chestnut trees from my existing tree
Are these “open pollinated” plants with hybrids or are they pollinating pure C. dentata? What are the controlled populations being bagged for specifically?
Nice job! The only thing I see in New York are Chinese  chestnut trees. 
Does Missouri have a chestnut association
I see these on the ground around my property in Fairview North Carolina, 2300 feet elevation blue ridge mountains. They are chestnuts? Chinese or American?
I thought you needed to wait for the burr to fall. Can you harvest right off the tree - how do you know when to do that?
Have a good crop of chestnut still on the trees. What do I do to plantings to get more trees?
How I can harvest my chesnuts? This year I lost 99% of my chesnut production to squirrels depredation.
Karen Cox Gullett, Sue Rupard, EddyPatsy Roberts
Tennessee fans! Chestnut Shucking Party!
You've never had so much fun in your life! Please join us on Saturday for a chestnut shucking party at the Fortwood Street Greenhouse and Nursery.
Who: calling all Tennessee Chapter volunteers of The American Chestnut Foundation
What: a fun day processing this year's harvest of backcross American chestnut seeds
Where: The Fortwood Street Greenhouse and Nursery, on the campus of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, located at 833 Fortwood Street, Chattanooga, TN. 37403 (in UTC Parking Lot 37)
When: Saturday, 7 October 2023, from 10:00 AM until the fun runs out.
Why: In order to harvest seeds from our backcross hybrids we need to collect the burs the day before they open (because as soon as the burs open the nuts fall out and are eaten by deer, squirrels, wild turkeys and other neighbors).
How: To prepare the seeds for winter, we need to remove the chestnuts from their burs by hand (that's the shucking part). The chestnuts are then carefully cleaned, surface sterilized, sorted, counted, and packed into a moist medium (sphagnum) to be stratified for four months at 40 F.
Bring: A pair of puncture-proof gloves (if you have a pair), and dress for the weather.
For more information, please contact Hill Craddock: 423-290-8924 or hill-craddock@utc.edu
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We have an American chestnut here on Beech mountain. I would like to try to do this. Are you saying the nut itself is the seed?
And harvesting continues! This report from the TACF The Georgia Chapter of the American Chestnut Foundation has a great description of the process, what happens after the nuts are picked and processed and also how we work with so many partners like Berry College who helps process the harvested nuts. Also pictured is Kathy Patrick, the volunteer of the year for the entire southern region of TACF. Thank you, Kathy, for your dedication and hard work. We will see you at the Fall Meeting! Note: some of these nuts were harvested at Anna Ruby Falls by staff Member Matt Summers!
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Do you ship seeds
This is amazing!
Hope to see more saplings at Shieling State Forest soon. I walk thru every weekend.
Is there any way to get some seedlings
Let us hope this is exceptional news, I wish we could grow chestnuts here in Kansas zone 6.
I'd love to have an American Chestnut tree in my field.
Where will they be planted?
Newbee here, why does the tree bark look so narly?
How can someone purchase seedlings
They’re fallin in Southern Ohio!
Do you ship seeds or saplings? If so will they grow in northern Michigan
Chinese chestnut trees are for sale at Walmart .. I prefer American. Where can I find them… Ohio
I remember my college days at SFA in Nacogdoches Texas 1st year dendrology . On our lab one week we were sampling trees in a neighborhood close to campus instead out in the woods. We came up on a so called (ringer) or a tree not included in our textbook. Because I had spent a lot of time in North Carolina I recognized right off as an American chestnut and got to go home early. Now how it got there nobody knows but it’s still there torturing new dendrology students today under the watchful eye of the forestry department at SFA,
They are selling saplings at fryberg fair for $20 each.
Carolinas Chapter member Jon Taylor recently spent 10 days collecting chestnut burs from 18 wild trees spanning Alabama to Connecticut. This was his third annual chestnut harvest, and the nuts he collected will get planted in several different germplasm conservation orchards. The goal is that some of these will eventually become mother trees and receive transgenic pollen.
1st photo: An American chestnut tree on the Appalachian Trail in central Pennsylvania
2nd photo: Jon Taylor with newly discovered American chestnut tree in Connecticut
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I am curious how to order seedlings? We've got acreage in Western NC mountains and we'd love to plant lots of these.
Such important work. ❤️❤️❤️
Thank for your efforts Jon!
Way cool!
I would love to get some blight resistant trees so I could spread the chestnut 🌰 tree love 🌳
Found some chestnuts while hiking in the Smokies this week.
My mom has a sizable one in her yard in Brevard, NC with no signs of blight. It has seeds every year.
I have lots of chestnut trees on my farm in WV. How do I know if they are American chestnuts or not?
Wonderful!
I truly hope that this effort is successful. It would be a great thing to see the chestnut become a major tree once again across the Eastern to Central US.
Good !
Nice finds! Here is the one I found on my farm. Western PA It's around 50 feet tall.
Awesome!
I had a chestnut 🌰 tree that got to be 40 inches round and plenty of chestnuts but one year it got dark and looked like it caught the blight. It was a shock to me because my papa had planted it from a seed. I have 2 more That look like bushes. But I’m afraid they also are prone to catching the blight.
A question for the experts…would it be possible to grow a tree in zone 5b Chicago? Congratulations on this wonderful mission.
The tree on #1 looks more like a shagbark hickory than a chestnut. I have both growing on my property.
I really need some seedlings!!!
Looks like my chestnut tree
These are blight resistant?
I love you’re using biotechnology to solve this problem. I wonder if you partner with the biotech industry you could move quicker and more efficient.
I love anyone on a mission, but I especially love THIS mission. Thank you.
Is there a report of any in Red Creek, NY?
They must have been something to behold.in Pre Columbus . America
There is a grove in Orleans, MA.
I know where some of these are in Middelsboro Kentucky where I grew up